"It's a reality that needs to be examined with eyes wide open. The path on which Trump, strengthened for his second term by his party's success in the Senate, will take his country diverges fundamentally from the one charted by the United States since the end of the Second World War. It marks the end of an American era, that of an open superpower committed to the world, eager to set itself up as a democratic model. It's the famous "shining city on a hill," extolled by President Ronald Reagan. The model had been challenged over the past two decades. Now, Trump's return is putting a nail in its coffin."
"'Trump promised voters that 'I alone can fix it' Ben-Ghiat recalled.
'This is reassuring to some people,' she continued, calling it 'very sad' because, throughout history, people have all eventually discovered 'that this brought disaster upon the country.'
'The illusion of competency is very important,” she added. 'That’s why they’re going to put their trust in him to solve their problems because they think he’s competent. And that’s one of the biggest scams of all.'"
"Based solely on precedent, the near future appears to be grim. The 2016 Trump presidency was disastrous for arts funding, diversity, and education. He issued a travel ban on seven majority-Muslim countries that blocked entry for artists and arts professionals, to the outrage of the museum and university sector. Trump repeatedly attempted to defund federal arts funding; his 2018 and 2021 proposed budgets included the outright elimination of the National Endowment for the Arts (its budget in 2021 was $167.5 million, markedly low for a federal agency). The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which partially funds PBS and NPR, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services were also targets. The cultural sector, already battling for crumbs with the Trump agency, took a blow during the Covid-19 pandemic and has yet to fully recover."
As much as I hate mixing politics with art - political discourse mars the aesthetic of this blog - every now and then I realize that it is necessary to interject personal and current events within its content to give my trips down the rabbit hole an official-world context.
As it happened, for one manic moment in time (in early October), I almost thought "reality" - a relative term used to designate what is allegedly real (although, ultimately, it fails) - was about to shift in some way... creating a brighter and more bearable zeitgeist than that which America has been experiencing for the past 9 years. This isn't to say I had "hope" (in itself, an emotional, often delusional response) but I was open to it... I could conceive of having hope. Honestly, I was beginning to envision a new cultural Renaissance... even a new World Renaissance.
My first thought on November 6th was to tie on a black armband. Surely, something had died. Snow actually fell in NM the day after the election - way too soon for the Southwest - bringing with it a bitter winter chill... and a number of power outages... i.e. the stage was set. Apparently, when given the choice between the proposal of a tentatively harmonic nation with a new figurehead and the overblown delusions of grandeur presented to us by a known criminal, at least one half the population of this country would choose the latter. And why? Because the criminal in question is, first and foremost, of the male gender... historically, the gender of choice for personal political positions of power and influence, no? Could be. Misogynism and gynophobia have always been present in the American political system. Representation of "the people," however, for which our administrative positions were originally intended, took a back seat in American politics a long time ago. And, while more women are seemingly in positions of political power, the throne seems to be firmly reserved for a king.
Sadly, Donald Trump is no king. His worshippers would have you believe he is the Second Coming of Christ, somehow overlooking the fact that their saviour has no grace, no diplomacy, no compassion, no integrity, no dignity and little respect for his flock. Delusions abound in Donnyland... and, so, once again, Dr. Snake Oil and his band of merry terrorists have slithered into town with threats of violence, deportation, financial ruin and a whole bag of leftover Halloween tricks to deaden our hearts (& brains).
Never straying far from the obvious, political analysts have built their arguments around the short-comings of a select individual or group. But, no, in my analysis, Kamala Harris was not at fault for her loss. She had less than a few months to pull together a campaign while her opponent had been poisoning the political well for nine years. The Democrats, while not representing the working class as much as it had done earlier in the previous century is still the party of choice for many blue-collar workers, if merely by default. White women have also also cited as a meaningful factor; we will assume the analysts are referring to MAGA women and surely NOT white feminists, who champion all women. No one seems to want to address the racist aspects inferred here, but one doesn't have to dig too deeply to find them; nor is it mysterious in which camp they are most likely to be found.
What few seem inclined to admit is that Trump enacted his greatest coup in 2024, while announcing at the proverbial last hour that Elon Musk was now onboard. Elon Musk, the Tech Wizard whom I once admired, was revealed to be a Trump cheerleader... and/or Trump's personal court jester, jumping up and down on his invisible leash. Musk, who could not possibly denounce science aligned himself with a party for whom science and culture are among the words they can't pronounce. Intellectuals frighten them. Musk most likely also frightens them. But Trump, clever as he is, knew that drawing even a portion of Musk's millions of followers and political allies into the Republican camp would ultimately break the bank via the ballot box. And, so, it did.
So, how long do you give this bromance now that Musk has served his major purpose?*
* Correction (11/17): Wrong. I forgot, there's bitcoin. The bromance has a ways to go. And there may be more; admittedly, I have minimal tech savvy. Lastly, Musk's dearest mission is to go to Mars.
"Other folks have reportedly received calls complaining about Musk’s presence, including tech access journalist Kara Swisher. Swisher told CNN, “He definitely inserts himself all the time, that’s his style. I’ve heard from Trump people, calling me saying, ‘Oh, wow. This is odd’. And it is.”
"Swisher, who has famously never been wrong about Musk in the past, reportedly isn’t worried that Trump and Musk will last long as a team. “They’re both narcissists, and there can be only one narcissist as head of the country, and that’s Donald Trump. Trump goes through people like tissues, essentially. And even if it’s Musk, they’re going to clash at some point.”
"Poet, is it an insult, or a well-turned compliment?
For regarding you I’m like a lover, to all intent,
faced with a ghost whose gestures are caresses,
with hand, eye of unknown charms, who blesses,
in order to drain one’s strength. – All loved beings
are cups of venom one drinks with eyes unseeing,
and the heart that’s once transfixed, seduced by pain,
finds death, while still blessing the arrow, every day."
"Dreams! Always dreams! And the more aspiring and fastidious the soul, the more its dreams exceed the possible. Every man has within him his dose of natural opium, endlessly secreted and renewed, and how many hours do we count, from birth to death, that are filled with positive pleasure, by successful deliberate action? Shall we ever truly live, ever enter this picture my mind has painted, this picture that resembles you?"
***
No tricks, just treats. Have a great holiday... with hidden pleasures... and mysterious treasures.
(Below: Apocalypse by Cigarettes After Sex with some clips from Tim Burton's The Corpse Bride.)
In the Hindu understanding of the cosmos, the female counterpart of Vishnu - Lakshmi - is the Devi, or goddess, of prosperity... "who is the guiding light for the world - who has obtained the sustained (continued, everlasting) glance (Grace) from Brahma."
Also: "She is often depicted sitting upon a lotus and adorned with lotus at her hands and feet. Many of her names, Padmā, Kamalā, Ambujā, refer to the lotus. The lotus has powerful symbolism in Hinduism. While its roots are in the mud, its stalk rises clearly through the murky water, with its petals blossoming above, untouched by the mud. It is a symbol of rising above the material world through divinity, of being good in the midst of negative influences."
Lakshmi was first introduced on this blog in this post. (Shyamala Gopalan didn't name her daughter Kamala Devi for nothing. She saw the future.)
- Via Google/Oxford Languages. Prosperous is a word few of us can really wrap our heads around. Why is this?
I see them every day now in southwestern Albuquerque... more of them, and more frequently: the misfortunate nomads - the darker side of the American dream - wheeling their life's belongings in shopping carts down the vacant streets with no destination... no protection, no peace. They appear to be American refugees of every description. While I was never one of them, I, too, was homeless - and, theoretically, still am - but the emergence of the new Traveler or Nomad and the plight of the disenfranchised is not a recent development. I began living in my car the year following Trump's inauguration. And, then, came the Black Hole - the Pandemic. We all know the rest.
It is true: we - none of us - can "go back"; "back" no longer exists as we once knew it.
***
"Journalist Michael Wolff, who wrote three books about the Republican’s first administration between 2017 and 2021, has released an audio clip on his podcast Fire and Fury of what he says is Epstein talking in intimate detail about the inner workings of Trump’s Cabinet.
Speaking over the background bustle of the eatery, Epstein is heard in the audio telling Wolff how then-president Trump played his administration officials off against each other.
'His people fight each other and then he poisons the well outside,' he says."
There are those who question Michael Wolff's integrity as an author, but the last line quoted (regarding the poisoned "well") rings true to me. It seems Americans have been drinking from that well for the past nine years. (Inset right: Trumpenstein)
As it was, Trump became president, while Epstein died under mysterious circumstances in a jail cell during Trump's term.
From Wiki's entry for Epstein we have: "In October 2019, Baden said that Epstein had experienced a number of injuries – among them a broken bone in his neck – that "are extremely unusual in suicidal hangings and could occur much more commonly in homicidal strangulation". Baden stated that he thinks that the evidence points to homicide rather than suicide."
***
"Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm was the first African American woman in Congress (1968) and the first woman and African American to seek the nomination for president of the United States from one of the two major political parties (1972).
In 1964, Chisholm ran for and became the second African American in the New York State Legislature... There, “Fighting Shirley” introduced more than 50 pieces of legislation and championed racial and gender equality, the plight of the poor, and ending the Vietnam War. She was a co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus in 1971, and in 1977 became the first Black woman and second woman ever to serve on the powerful House Rules Committee."
- Via this Women in History page. I am old enough to remember Shirley Chisholm... whose 1972 candidacy was treated as some sort of joke by many Americans... not so much because she was a woman of color but because she was a she.
"Her campaign was underfunded, only spending $300,000 in total. She also struggled to be regarded as a serious candidate instead of as a symbolic political figure; the Democratic political establishment ignored her, and her black male colleagues provided little support. She later said, "When I ran for the Congress, when I ran for president, I met more discrimination as a woman than for being black. Men are men." In particular, she expressed frustration about the "black matriarch thing", saying, "They think I am trying to take power from them. The black man must step forward, but that doesn't mean the black woman must step back."
Her husband, however, was fully supportive of her candidacy and said, "I have no hang-ups about a woman running for president." Security was also a concern, as, during the campaign, three confirmed threats were made against her life; Conrad Chisholm served as her bodyguard until U.S. Secret Service protection was given to her in May 1972."
"The triangles facing upwards symbolize Shiva and the masculine, while the triangles facing downwards represent Shakti, the divine feminine... The diagram is surrounded by lotus petals representing the heart that is the container of the Self, and when the heart opens, understanding comes. The squared structures outside of the Yantra represents the material world that our senses show us and symbol of the illusion of separateness. Each side has a gate pointing toward the center. These doors represent the passage from the external and material to the internal and sacred.
This ancient symbol has an important cosmological significance as well. In fact is been observed that the design of the Sri Yantra, and in particular the triangles, is based on the rules of the Golden Ratio, a mathematical and geometrical equation observed in all of creation."
- Descriptions of the Sri Yantra and the image (inset left) were found here. In short, the Sri yantra represents an ultimate truth and is an ancient metaphysical and geometrical diagram contemplated to achieve enlightened states of mind and spirit or superconsciousness.
It is in direct opposition to commercial, materialistic, and (some might say) heretical artifacts of our modern day... which polarize us while politicizing, misinterpreting and degrading religious traditions.
"Originally from the small Tuscan town of Barberino Val d’Elsa, the Barberini family moved to the regional metropolis of Florence in the early 11th century. They grew prosperous as wool, grain and textile merchants, but later came into conflict with the powerful Medici dynasty and fled to Rome after the Medici seized control of Florence in the 1500s. This did not deter the Medici from assassinating prominent Barberini family member Francesco di Antonio, but his son Francesco di Carlo survived to see their business flourish and ultimately rose to the exalted position of papal treasurer. The family’s good fortune was to continue, and in 1623 Cardinal Maffeo Barberini was ordained Pope Urban VIII."
- Excerpt from an entertaining article about the House of Barberini from Ben's Bees. While not the most popular pope in some respects, Pope Urban was an avid supporter and collector of art. In fact, the many members of the Barberini dynasty were all great patrons of the arts, amassing an impressive collection which can be found at the Palazzo Barberini in Rome and museums throughout the world. Inset right is an example: a stunning twin-tailed mermaid or mixoparthenos - a Vitruvian mermaid, if you think about it - housed at the Met Museum in New York. Little is actually known about her for certain, but, let's face it, this bronze siren is a show-stopper and, in some odd way, she became my guide at first encounter.
"With Pope Urban VIII, Gian Lorenzo Bernini became the official artist of the court and it is to this architect and artist that we owe the creation of many objects that adorn the city centre of the capital. The Barberini family had a coat of arms that included three bees on a blue background next to a papal tiara and to the keys of St. Peter. It is no coincidence that many popes and prominent figures resorted to symbols to express their position and to emphasize their own programs and ideals. The bee has always been a symbol of hard work, dedication, and eloquence. St. Ambrose and St. Bernard of Clairvaux, both connoisseurs and propagators of the Holy Scriptures were associated with this symbol, and in hagiographic sources they are often at the centre of episodes with bees as protagonists.
- Via another informative article written by Scuola Romit regarding the mysterious Barberini family. Their coat-of-arms can also be seen on the coin inset left (above). It (and the sculpture introducing the post) may have been designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, an architect as well as a sculptor, whose grandfather was also an architect.
Regarding the coin, presumably, it was minted for or by Urban. The combination of keys and crown (the papal tiara), however, had been a generic papal emblem and ecclesiastical symbol since, at least, the 15th century. Suffice to say, it's inclusion into the Barberini coat of arms (the shield with the three bees) required a specific symmetry which is made evident by the ovoid shown in the second image (inset left).
Both examples of the coat of arms have ovoids with spirals in all 4 quadrants. I deliberately neglected to include the large pentagrams to illustrate that this ovoid is actually a combination of two smaller pentagrams as well. (See diagram inset right, below.)
"These commissioned artworks often teem with suns and bees (the Barberini family coat of arms had three bees), as also the Cortona fresco does. At one end of the sky sits the eminent solar Divine Providence, while at the other end are putto and flying maidens holding aloft the papal keys, tiara, with robe belt above a swarm of heraldic giant golden bees. Below Providence, the simulated frame crumbles. Time with a scythe seems to swallow a putto's arm. As the graceful bearer of the twelve stars that constitute Crown of Immortality is unequivocally extending it to the heraldic swarm, she earnestly looks towards Divine Providence."
- A description provided by Wiki of Italian Baroque painter, Pietro da Cortona's monumental fresco: Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power, created between 1633 and 1639, and the centerpiece of this post, as we will see.
"The big fresco is conceived as a single epic narration even though the artist decided to use a huge amount of images to fill the entire vault, painting various scenes separated in the several panels of the ceiling. The variety of the scenes which overlap and run into the vault forces the observer to move back and forth across the entire ceiling to follow the sequence of images, which are linked together, creating a constant relationship with the surroundings... The effect is that of a recreation of reality that captivates the viewer, involving their senses and provoking their wonder. Considered from this point of view the Barberini ceiling has no precedent in the history of art and represents the blooming of a new language. The decoration of the vault confirms Cortona’s position as a great history painter. In the Rome of his days this commission conferred Cortona supremacy, which would accompany him throughout his career as a painter."
- An astute observation via Simona Albanese - our "personal connection to Italy in the heart of Brisbane" - from her 2006 thesis submitted to the University of Auckland regarding The Triumph of Divine Providence, another name referring to Pietro da Cortona's creation.
Thus far, Albanese has written the most informative article I could find on the web regarding this masterwork. But, I will only be (geometrically addressing) a small detail of what, in terms of beauty, intricacy of design, clarity of artistic vision, and sheer magnitude of size and contour, should be classified as another Wonder of the World! Inset right is a detail of the fresco; the detail I tested is framed in red. For the full fresco, see the Albanese page, or, my chosen image source, this fabulous Web Gallery of Art page.
***
"But, these secrets of Pythagorean-Platonic harmonic geometry, for which the golden section is, if not the keystone at least the symbolic instrument, after being loudly acclaimed publicly for a half a century, were once again obscured. Palladio and Michelangelo (and, perhaps, Gabriel) were probably the last architects to still deliberately apply the proportions produced by the golden section and the Vitruvian concepts of symmetry and eurhythmy in their works...
Only the baroque, which is generally scorned and poorly understood, continues to 'sing the cathartic geometry' in its waves of stone and stucco."
In the quote above, Matila Ghyka reminds us that the golden section was revitalized during the Baroque period. He was referring to architecture specifically but he may have been unaware of how extensively pentagonal phi was used at the time by artists and artisans alike. Of course, he did not have excess to the WWW in the 1930's... which we obviously do. How else could I find an article regarding an Italian work of art written by an academic in Brisbane? In the earlier half of the 20th century this wouldn't have been as readily possible.
That being said, even with the WWW at my fingertips I have only recently been introduced to Pietro da Cortona and his masterpiece... and, as I've mentioned, this was revealed to me by the enigmatic golden siren. Really.
Meanwhile, in the midst of constructing this post, I came to the conclusion that the Bernini/Barberini spirals may have been the inevitable result of having to marry the 3 Barberini bees with the (given) symmetry of the Papal keys and crown symbol - possibly designed in the 1400s by an unknown artisan - which, as you can see (inset right) - has an undeniably pentagonal symmetry. For the artist, Bernini, one thing may have led to another, and an intriguing phi symmetrical relationship - the golden egg - just happened to emerge. For Bernini the architect, however, it should have been a fundamental exercise in geometry. Then again, for a magician... well, we won't speculate further.
Moving closer to the point, while the Barberini logo is the theme of this post, my sole purpose was not to interpret it. Instead, my goal was to present the subtly elegant ways in which a great artist might utilize pentagonal symmetry.
To this end, I've posted a series of details of Cortona's Triumph superimposed with the applicable pentagonal geometry. Text will be minimal. Click on any image (below the jump) to enjoy a slide show.
"When Goltzius created this so-called "pen painting," which combines pen and ink and brush with oil color, it caused a sensation in Europe and was immediately purchased by Emperor Rudolf II for his collection in Prague. Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus Would Freeze, c. 1600-1603, marks the critical moment when Goltzius, the most famous draftsman and printmaker in Europe, turned to large-scale painting."
- Via the Philadelphia Museum of Art page: A Masterpiece in Focus, a short article describing the unusual painting featured above and inset left which the museum acquired in 1992. Apparently, after the Dutch artist, Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617), completed it - and Goltzius was so secretive about his methods he never allowed anyone to see his work at an incomplete stage - it was snatched up by Emperor Rudolph, the "Mad Alchemist" of Prague. There's more to add to this post regarding Rudolph, but, suffice to say, he was also an avid collector of works by Albrecht Dürer. Meanwhile, Dürer was an artist that Goltzius felt motivated to "surpass," with the same competitive enthusiasm the old Master, himself, expressed regarding the Masters of his own time.
So, did Goltzius surpass Dürer? Well, we shall investigate. But, before we go much further, allow me to mention that my first golden egg was found in Goltzius's odd Venus painting. Of the four golden eggs I've found, this appears to have the most perfect - albeit static - form. Interestingly, it is configured with the same arrangement of pentagrams as the former golden egg found in my previous file. But, note the star's differing orientation (inset right).
The two ovoids are very similar; in some images they are almost interchangeable. The difference is shown inset right and below with phi-shells. I favor Ovoid 1 as superior in the Venus... image, but Ovoid 2 has a few things going for it, too.
So, which is the true ovoid in this painting?
Ovoids 1 & 2
In the last analysis, it doesn't matter. For Europeans living at the turn of the 16th/17th centuries, Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus Would Freeze caused "a sensation." It seemed to possess a kind of mojo. And one thing I'm going to be asking throughout this post - the bottom line - is whether or not the presence of phi in art, specifically via the pentagram, lends the work in question a certain kind of indelible magic... and why that might be. Keep in mind Dürer's iconic Melencolia I, Botticelli's Venus, Caravaggio's Amor, orthat mysterious Italian lady painted by Leonardo da Vinci.*
Without Ceres and Bacchus, Venus Would Freeze is a weird (but charming) image, but it might be helpful to know something about the gods involved in this oddly luminous, intimate scene... thereby, learning a few things about Goltzius (& Dürer) as well...
"The L’Ange Dechu, or Fallen Angel, may be one of the hottest artworks ever made. A winged nude shields his face behind flexed arms. His mane of hair snaps in the wind, and brows curl over red-rimmed eyes and a tear of anger. His body is perfect. His posture appears reposed, but each muscle is flexed with potential energy. Cast from heaven—this is the moment before he rises again..."
"After his previous rejection by the salon, Cabanel submitted the Fallen Angel, the first depiction of the devil submitted by a student. If he had aimed to cause some drama, he succeeded. The salon judges were first shocked, and then displeased... “…The movement is wrong, the draughtsmanship imprecise, the execution deficient…” and on top of that, it was considered too romanticist in its style. “…That’s my reward for all the trouble I gave myself not to submit an average piece of work…” wrote Cabanel in a letter to his friend and patron Alfred Bruyas."
- Two quotes from the Obelisk article, Fallen Angel. In it we learn that while we may admire Cabanel's sexy demon today, initially the painting was trashed by exhibition authorities. The "movement" was inexplicably considered "wrong;" the rest "imprecise" and "deficient" proving that beauty (to a large degree) really does lie in the "eye of the beholder." Meanwhile, just for fun, behold this geometrical interpretation.
***
I'm not sure what inspired Alexandre Cabanel's use of the golden triangle in the image above, but, it does seem as if he had the compulsion to confine his rogue angel within the confines of one. The spiral here is almost incidental; an artifact. Moreover, the largest lunette has been left almost entirely outside of the canvas and this is very unusual.
One might deduce that this was a happy accident and the golden meme slipped into his image - as it often does - spontaneously and without the artist's notice. And, yes, it may have. But, something about the angel's posture seems slightly contrived; perhaps, this is what bothered the judges at the salon. On the other hand, Cabanel created a unique tension... as if, at any moment, the angel will spring out of his invisible enclosure. This is an illusion of action made possible by the spiral, and we can see it in the curve of the angel's wing and around his wrists and elbows and the smaller golden gnomons formed. (See diagram inset right). (Note: generally, my spirals are limited to 4 gnomons, but 6 or 7 are possible to display in the average web image.)
However, the question remains: why is the strangely vacant lunette merely implied? It's as if someone cut off a large portion of the image. Was L’Ange Dechu originally a detail of a larger painting?
In any case, I've never come across anything like it. Well, that is, until I tested another Cabanel painting... (below the jump)!
"For the alchemists the vessel is something truly marvelous: a vas mirabile. Maria Prophetissa says that the whole secret lies in knowing about the Hermetic vessel. “Unum est vas” (the vessel is one) is emphasized again and again. It must be completely round, in imitation of the spherical cosmos, so that the influence of the stars may contribute to the success of the operation. It is a kind of matrix or uterus from which the filius philosophorum, the miraculous Stone, is to be born. Hence it is required that the vessel be not only round but egg-shaped."
- Sourced from a quote found here, we are introduced to the ancient alchemist Maria Prophetissa, also known as Maria the Jewess,* who had a thing or two to say about the golden egg, as did I in a Samhain post (featuring Leonora Carrington's eggs) a year or two ago!
Prescience? At that time, apart from this fundamental (Easter egg) relationship, I didn't realize that there was actually a phi configuration - using two identical spirals - which, when combined, form a perfect ovoid. But, in the past month I have found two perfect varieties of phi ovoids - both varieties discovered in paintings - which comprise a new phi spiral category: the Golden Eggs.
If anyone knew about Golden Eggs, you might suppose it'd be Albrecht Dürer. And, it goes without saying, that if a golden egg was to be found in any of his major works, Melencolia I - one of his most iconic images... and an image saturated with phi - would be the logical place to search. I've previously devoted 2 posts to the spirals found in this melancholy baby (1 & 2). But, until this past week, I had not incorporated the corresponding pentagram... and, when I did, I was astounded. The big surprise (the easter egg) was the perfect relationship between the ladder and his famous, enigmatic polyhedron. Can't touch that!
Nemesis or The Great Fortuna, Albrecht Dürer - copper-plate engraving - 1502. Geometry: 2024, DS.
"Precariously balanced on an unsteady sphere, Albrecht Dürer’s nude female figure of Fortuna conveys a sense of the instability and unpredictability of fortune. The artist’s treatment of the subject derives from a Latin poem by the Italian Renaissance poet and humanist Angelo Poliziano (1454–1494), who describes fortune as the “power to crush the arrogant minds and triumphs of men and to confound their too ambitious plans.” With her bridle and cup, Dürer’s figure—in contrast to misogynistic portrayals of her by a later generation of artists—also embodies the virtues and rewards of temperance."
- A nice assessment of Albrecht Dürer’s Nemesis image (inset left & above) via this NY Public Library page. It seems cynical that Dürer should symbolically combine the word nemesis - meaning rival, enemy or punisher - with the idea of fortune (fortuna) together in one image. Was he referring to the idea of fate as karma? In reality, the goddess Nemesis and the goddess Fortuna are mythologically and symbolically connected and it is more than likely he created his own hybrid.
It actually took me several days to see the spiral in Nemesis, the Greater Fortuna... which is astounding considering what an awesome spiral it is. It's a dialing spiral but of a slightly different kind than the one I'm familiar with. You can create a small animation with it growing in size and spreading over the image as it revolves around one central point (in the vicinity of her elbow). In the fuller image - shown above with the phi-shell - the spiral continues into the landscape.
As for the image itself, the figure of Nemesis/Fortuna exhibits a female body type humanity rarely sees anymore. We probably stopped seeing her around the same time Dürer created her, at the turn of the 16th century. She is an older woman; you can tell by her diminishing face and thinning hair... unlike Durer's (1496) Little (or Lesser) Fortuna - inset right - the younger Fortuna (with a lesser spiral) and an enigmatic image the size (and dimensions) of a Tarot card.*
But, the older Fortuna - who has in her maturity taken on the role of Nemesis, a "formidable and usually victorious rival or opponent" - reveals a body with contours which, while not aesthetically correct in our times, has retained its hard-bodied youthfulness. She has powerful wings and holds a large chalice. Traditionally, Fortuna, is shown holding a cornucopia but, as mentioned, Dürer has created his own Fortuna hybrid. But, then, it seems he rarely sticks with the "tried and true," preferring his own innovations. In any case, Nemesis/Fortuna is a force to be reckoned with. She may be offering the chalice - the cup of plenty - but, we are reminded that she is also carrying a horse's bridle. In other words, while we may succeed above and beyond our wildest dreams, our egotistical aspirations are kept in check by this goddess. Either that, or she represents a stereotypical negative female archetype.
Incidentally, Nemesis is much more massive figure than she appears at first glance. An enlargement of the little Italian town which she overlooks (as she balances upon her sphere) can be found here.
By now, I should know better than to make promises regarding the future I can't keep... but, in regards to my previous projections made in my last post, when and where I envisioned one more addition to the Dürer series, I am now here to report that my plans have had to change.
Yes, while in the midst of feverishly writing the proposed post (Dürer Part III) I initially had in mind, I was suddenly presented with far more bits of information than I could possibly process in one post. An example would be the Nemesis image with it's astounding spiral (above). But, there were other images found as well, deserving some special consideration... such as Dürer's diagram of his 'Schneckenlinie' ('snail-line') or Logarithmic spiral - (inset left) - a spiral which, oddly, almost appears as if it's in perspective. Sadly, I cannot translate the text. (If you can, please inform us!)
In any case, after the shock wore off and my first attempts were put aside, I decided the new information required a new series... The Dürer Files, a new testament of sorts. Moreover, it would have to be broken up into bits... thereby requiring shorter posts and less time, or, seriously, I would never get any of it online. So, this is the Introduction. The series contents will (tentatively) include the following sections:
The Dürer Files: 2. Soli Deo Gloria (Glory only to God)
The Dürer Files: 3. Maximillian & The Bauhütte
The Dürer Files: 4. Dürer & the Phi Goddess
The Dürer Files: 5. Dürer & the Black Madonna
The Dürer Files: 6. Dürer & the Whale
(Note: This Intro will also serve as the Dürer Files series Table of Contents page with links becoming active as the posts appear. The links will also appear in the Golden Series content post (click the Golden Snail on the sidebar.) (Know, however, that the titles and order in which they appear may change.)
(Note 2: I have already added an extra section... and 2 more - regarding phi ovoids - are likely to follow.)
"Moving now from the decad to its half - we meet one of the most brilliant personalities of the 'society of numbers;' the pentad and the characteristics of the number five. In arithmology or number mysticism the number five partially pertains to the essence and importance of the decad as being its half and its condensed image, but it is also the gamos, Aphrodite's number as goddess of the fruitful union, the generatrix of love, and the abstract archetype of reproduction."
But, while Ghyka acknowledges an ancient connection between Venus/Aphrodite and the pentagram, it seems to rest upon the idea of marriage, a "fruitful" union... conjugal bliss. He calls this incarnation of Aphrodite "Gamelia," that is, "of the wedding." But, Gamelia was a name given to many, if not all the Olympian gods; specifically Hera, wife of Zeus; it wasn't amongst Aphrodite's major titles, and, regarding the pentagram, is too literal a translation of the "love goddess" and is, ultimately, a red herring.
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Inset left, above: the contemplative Venus of Arles... (seemingly) holding an apple up to her broken-off, handheld mirror. Inset right, is an actual bronze mirror (Greek, circa 460 BC) supported by the figure of Aphrodite who is holding a dove, while 2 winged erotes stretch their hands towards a point centered above her head. If you connect the point at the top of the goddess's head with the two doves perched above on the mirror, you'll have an inverted golden triangle. Below, inset left, is another similar bronze mirror from the same period, currently in the Met Museum. This one features dogs chasing hares; the hare is another Aphrodite symbol. Hint: we've seen the dogs and the hares before.**
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So, mythologically speaking, marriage was never known to be Aphrodite's strong point... although love, both carnal and celestial, was. The Venus of the pentagram, however, is significantly more complex, and we have to approach her from a higher ground, so to speak. From Theoi we have:
"According to the cosmogonic views of the nature of Aphrodite, she was the personification of the generative powers of nature, and the mother of all living beings. A trace of this notion seems to be contained in the tradition that in the contest of Typhon with the gods, Aphrodite metamorphosed herself into a fish, which animal was considered to possess the greatest generative powers."
And, there is so much more. One might say, Ghyka was trivializing the Venus/Aphrodite connection. While he inserts the word gamos in his brief comment, he neglects the word heiros (sacred). Nor does he infer in any way that the "wedding" is, in essence, chymical. So, my strongest impression of the book is that the deliberate omissions Ghyka (amusingly) accused other writers of making - including Vitruvius - might've been tip-offs to those of his own. That being said, he probably connects more esoteric "dots" in the pentagram's long journey within the pages of this book than you'll find anywhere else. But, keep in mind, the author may be sticking to traditional "fraternal" codes of secrecy all the while... something also mentioned quite often in his book.
"The mirror also, in turn, symbolizes revelation and truth: the mirror often shows the face, and the eyes, as shown in the painting Venus At Her Mirror or Rokeby Venus or Venus-Aphrodite by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez, in which the goddess gazes into the mirror with only her face revealed. The eyes, in turn, are the paths to truth: they are the “window to the soul”, or, ever-more interestingly, the “mirror of the soul.” Aphrodite, in gazing into the mirror, is therefore not merely enjoying the sight of her own beauty, but is acknowledging the truth of all that resides within her – for, as Aphrodite Ourania, she is that which keeps together the entire cosmos and continues the survival of all."
- A quote found here, introducing us to to the most important facet of Aphrodite: Aphrodite Ourania or Urania, the celestial Aphrodite, and the Venus/Aphrodite who will concern us most in upcoming posts. She shares some of the attributes of Urania, the Greek muse of astronomy and the stars, in some cases mistakenly, but, in others, possibly an indication of the evolution of Pentagonal Venus and the golden meme.
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The diagram above, a sort of gateway into the Venus subset of the golden meme, is already somewhat obsolete regarding the pentagonal journey I unintentionally began taking around Thursday, April 4, 2019, after my vision of the rose pentacle. I wrote at the time that I anticipated something "larger." But, really, I had no idea of the many roads left to travel. Needless to say, Venus/Aphrodite had her foot in the door from Day 1.
I have since learned that the Venus pentagram, in its entirety, is not merely one arrangement of five symbols but, possibly, an arrangement of 10. Moreover, each of first five symbols composing the "mirror" represent metaphorical hallways with numerous doors. In other words, the Venus pentagram remains true to the pentagram's nature - it's a fractal - very possibly as colorfully layered as (what appears to be) a phi-based Julia set, inset right. Additionally, Venus/Aphrodite is not merely 2 goddesses in one... she's worn many hats over the course of her very long career and has several hybrid forms as well, so, it's a very tangled web, indeed.
In spite of all of the above, the first five symbols I'd originally chosen for the diagram still stand, but, while I had hoped to address each of them briefly here, I've come to realize it isn't presently feasible. There is no "brief" in this discussion.
As for now, I will include in this post some bits which have already been written regarding several symbols in the diagram.
(Note: I was originally going to conclude this post with one more bit of information via Prince Ghyka which might interest us, and it concerns Albrecht Dürer. This "bit of information" was eventually accompanied by other bits of information to necessitate adding a dedicated Part III to Albrecht Dürer and the Divine Ratio Parts 1 & II. As I said, there is no "brief" in this discussion. Stay tuned.)
Fetal Venus & Her First Dove (sketch #1) - digital - 2024, DS.
I am sorry for the delay with posting. I must have totally revised the intended post several times this past month, but it is still stalled; it may never be published on this blog. Meanwhile, in the real world... well, let's face it, if it's not one existential crisis, it's another... or, perhaps, one on top of the other... a parfait of stress factors.
As I write, however, it is May Day... which means two very different things, depending upon who you are and where you live. For some it is International Worker's Day. For others its a banking holiday. But, for many of us, it's the daytime leg of the ancient Celtic holiday of Beltane/May Day... specifically those of us in the Northern hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, Samhain is celebrated, (if I'm reading this correctly). And, this provides us with an interesting symmetry.
For some reason, things always seem a bit more peculiar around the April/May cusp for me, and I don't think it's an astrological phenomenon. Beltane and the Germanic Walpurgis Night (see St. Walpurga) are very much like Samhain (or Halloween) in that the veil between the living and the dead is at its thinnest; the difference being that the dead who walk on Beltane night are seeking rebirth. Perhaps, they're hoping they'll be conceived on May Day... a very Venus/Aphrodite day, due to the planet's astrological rulership over the sign of Taurus the Bull, and Aphrodite's role as fertility goddess. However, while May Day evokes chaplets of spring flowers and circling around maypoles, Beltane, the nocturnal leg of the holiday, is a fire festival. The following quote was sourced from James Frazier's classic, The Golden Bough:
"The people believed that on that evening and night the witches were abroad and busy casting spells on cattle and stealing cows’ milk. To counteract their machinations, pieces of rowan-tree and woodbine, but especially of rowan-tree, were placed over the doors of the cow-houses, and fires were kindled by every farmer and cottar. Old thatch, straw, furze, or broom was piled in a heap and set on fire a little after sunset. While some of the bystanders kept tossing the blazing mass, others hoisted portions of it on pitchforks or poles and ran hither and thither, holding them as high as they could. Meantime the young people danced round the fire or ran through the smoke shouting, 'Fire! blaze and burn the witches; fire! fire! burn the witches.' In some districts a large round cake of oat or barley meal was rolled through the ashes. When all the fuel was consumed, the people scattered the ashes far and wide, and till the night grew quite dark they continued to run through them, crying, 'Fire! burn the witches'."
Apparently, in the 18th century, the Beltane fires were meant to metaphorically burn witches. Possibly, in previous centuries Beltane fires literally did burn witches. It's not really clear to me. But, it is ironic that it is the Wiccans and "heathens" (of the future) who've essentially revived the bonfire tradition... and ran with it!
However, we've moved past the night into the prettier and more benign May Day. Wiki, in the Beltane entry, describes the traditional May Tree or May Bough as being a: " a small tree or branch - typically hawthorn, rowan, holly or sycamore - decorated with bright flowers, ribbons, painted shells or eggshells from Easter Sunday... The tree would either be decorated where it stood, or branches would be decorated and placed inside or outside the house... the tree would remain up until May 31st. The tree would also be decorated with candles or rushlights."
Lovely.
Enjoy your holiday!
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Regarding the two images above - Fetal Venus With Her First Dove (above), and Fetal Dove with the Planet Venus (inset right) - both are sketches I made earlier this year when I possessed a more competent graphics program. I no longer do and am not sure when I will, so, these images will have to stand for the originals; I just wish they were the images I originally had in mind. (Note: Phi shells look as if they were designed for the embryonic; don't you think?)
What I failed to mention in this post, however, is that my "fetal" images had an actual precedent, and my original idea was to post my embryonic Venus images along with the image that inspired them (posted after the jump). It's interesting to juxtapose spiral images of Venus from various periods. And, considering she's been an artistic subject for almost 3000 years, there's a lot of images to cover; I may as well start now!
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